Andi Claims That Phrenology Was a Pseudoscience Rather Than a Science

question 363

Multiple Choice

Andi claims that phrenology was a pseudoscience rather than a science. The best support for her opinion is the fact that the theory wasn't empirically testable because:

• A) when phrenologists found large "stealing" bumps but the person was not a thief, they concluded that other bumps held this characteristic in check.
• B) most of the phrenologists received inadequate training in the careful analysis of head bumps and so there was too much variation for accurate prediction.
• C) the phrenologists relied heavily on the theories of the British naturalist Charles Darwin, and yet they could not link the bumps to evolutionary adaptation.
• D) when "bumps" did not accurately explain a person's characteristics, the phrenologists explained the contradiction by hypothesizing traumatic childhood experiences.

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