Andi Claims That Phrenology Was a Pseudoscience Rather Than a Science

question 363

Multiple Choice

Andi claims that phrenology was a pseudoscience rather than a science. The best support for her opinion is the fact that the theory wasn't empirically testable because:

• A) when phrenologists found large "stealing" bumps but the person was not a thief, they concluded that other bumps held this characteristic in check.
• B) most of the phrenologists received inadequate training in the careful analysis of head bumps and so there was too much variation for accurate prediction.
• C) the phrenologists relied heavily on the theories of the British naturalist Charles Darwin, and yet they could not link the bumps to evolutionary adaptation.
• D) when "bumps" did not accurately explain a person's characteristics, the phrenologists explained the contradiction by hypothesizing traumatic childhood experiences.

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Definitions:

Discretionary Pricing

A pricing strategy where the seller has the flexibility to set prices based on market conditions, costs, or personal judgment.

Perceived Value

The consumer's assessment of the worth or utility of a product based on its ability to meet needs and expectations, relative to its cost.

Price Differentials

The variation in price levels for the same product or service in different markets or segments, due to factors like location or quality.

Product-line Pricing

A pricing strategy that manages the prices of multiple products within the same product range.