Which of the Following Is an Area of Controversy Concerning

question 72

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an area of controversy concerning the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) ?

• A) The validity of the TOEFL for students who take their primary courses in languages other than English.
• B) There are large discrepancies when the results of two TOEFL testing sessions are compared.
• C) The ability of the TOEFL to predict university performance is questionable.
• D) The extent to which the TOEFL scores are fair in regard to women and minorities has been questioned.

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Definitions:

Secondary Market Transaction

The buying and selling of previously issued securities, such as stocks and bonds, between investors, rather than directly from issuing companies.

Bond Issue

The process of issuing new bonds by a corporation or government to raise capital, involving the creation of new debt securities to be sold to investors.

Subordinated Debt

A type of borrowing that is ranked below other debts in terms of claims on assets or earnings.

Senior Debt

Debt that takes precedence over other unsecured or junior debt owed by the issuer in terms of the order of payment in the event of a liquidation.