Earls and Lalumière (2002)conducted an In-Depth Study of a 54-Year-Old

question 165

Multiple Choice

Earls and Lalumière (2002) conducted an in-depth study of a 54-year-old white male who was serving a 5-year prison sentence for animal cruelty. The researchers used:

• A)A case study design
• B)A correlational design
• C)An experimental design
• D)A mixed design

---

Definitions:

Spans of Control

The number of subordinates directly managed by a supervisor, impacting the supervisor's workload and management efficiency.

Supervision

The act of overseeing or directing work and workers.

Promotion Opportunities

The availability and visibility of pathways for career advancement within an organization, often acting as a motivator for employee performance.

Centralization

The concentration of decision-making authority at the top levels of an organizational hierarchy.