Exhibit 7-7: a Group of Curriculum Designers Has Developed a New

question 69

Multiple Choice

Exhibit 7-7: A group of curriculum designers has developed a new system for teaching phonics to young children.They randomly selected 24 kindergarten students to receive either the old phonics method or the new phonics method.The designers realized that kindergartens have morning and afternoon classes, so they wanted to build this factor into the research design.The following is the mean, standard deviation, and number for each group.
$\begin{array}{lll}\text { Morning } & {\text { Old }}{} & {\text { New }}{} \\ & 16.33 & 13.50 \\ &1.03 & 2.74 \\& 6 & 6 \\ \text { Afternoon } & 13.17 & 16.83 \\ & 3.55 & 2.14 \\ & 6 & 6\end{array}$
The following is an incomplete summary table of the analysis of variance:
$\begin{array}{ll}\underline { \text { Source }} & \underline { \text { SS }} & \underline { \text { df }} & \underline { \text { MS}} & \underline { \text { F}}\\\text { Time of Day } & 0.042 \\\text { Lesson Design } & 1.042 \\\text { Interaction }\\\text { Error } & 128.500 \\\text { Total } & 102950\end{array}$
-Refer to Exhibit 7-7.What are the degrees of freedom for the Interaction?

• A) 1
• B) 2
• C) 20
• D) 24

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Definitions:

Contingency Basis

A method of compensation or agreement that is dependent on certain conditions being met or outcomes occurring.

Specific Culture

refers to the unique set of beliefs, values, customs, and practices that characterizes an organization, region, or group.

Geert Hofstede

A Dutch social psychologist known for his research on the interactions between national cultures and organizational cultures.

Management Techniques

These are methods, strategies, and practices used by leaders to administer and control organizational resources effectively to achieve desired outcomes.