Exhibit 9-11: Choose the Type of Validity Evidence That a Researcher

question 71

Multiple Choice

Exhibit 9-11: Choose the type of validity evidence that a researcher would need to determine the score validity of the following kinds of instruments.
-Refer to Exhibit 9-11.A test designed to measure what fourth graders know about long division.

• A) evidence based on content.
• B) evidence based on relationship to other variables
• C) evidence based on construct measured

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Definitions:

Standard Oil Case

A 1911 antitrust case in which Standard Oil was found guilty of violating the Sherman Act by illegally monopolizing the petroleum industry. As a remedy, the company was divided into several competing firms.

U.S. Steel Case

The antitrust action brought by the federal government against the U.S. Steel Corporation in which the courts ruled (in 1920) that only unreasonable restraints of trade were illegal and that size and the possession of monopoly power were not by themselves violations of the antitrust laws.

Cellophane Case

The Cellophane Case refers to a landmark antitrust case involving DuPont's monopoly on the cellophane market, highlighting issues of market definition and competition.

Sherman Act

A key U.S. antitrust law aimed at preventing monopolies and promoting competition among businesses.