The Difference Between the Group Means in a Pretest-Posttest Control

question 90

Multiple Choice

The difference between the group means in a pretest-posttest control group experimental design can be tested for statistical significance most precisely by

• A) analysis of variance of the groups' means on the posttest.
• B) separate t-tests of the prepost difference for the experimental and for the control group.
• C) analysis of covariance on the groups' posttest means with pretest as the covariate.
• D) analysis of variance of the mean changes from pre- to posttest for the two groups.

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Definitions:

Identity Crisis

A period of uncertainty and confusion in which a person's sense of identity becomes insecure, often due to a change in expected roles or perceptions of self.

Moratorium

A period of delay or suspension of activity, often used in the context of development to describe a phase where individuals explore various identities without making final decisions.

Identity Diffusion

A status of identity development in which an individual has not yet undergone an identity crisis or committed to a set of personal values and goals.