Exhibit 12-2: a Study of Inner-City Adolescents Found That the Proportion

question 48

Multiple Choice

Exhibit 12-2: A study of inner-city adolescents found that the proportion of those who participate in athletics who have police records was much lower than that proportion for other adolescents in the same community.It might be concluded that participation in athletics helps adolescents avoid criminal activity.Many other hypotheses may also be suggested.Read the hypotheses (a-d) and choose the correct answer.
-Refer to Exhibit 12-2.Which is a hypothesis of common cause?

• A) adolescents with criminal records have difficulty getting accepted into athletic teams.
• B) athletes avoid criminal records because police "look the other way" when athletes are involved in crime.
• C) athletic activities keep adolescents off the street and out of crime.
• D) the kind of adolescents who choose to participate in athletics are more inclined to avoid crime than are other adolescents.

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Definitions:

Lowest Cost Alternative

A cost-minimization strategy that involves choosing the most economical option among different possible choices.

Evaluate Possible Courses

The process of examining and considering all potential actions to determine the best course of action.

Contribution Margin

The difference between sales revenue and variable costs, indicating how much revenue contributes to fixed costs and profits.

Fixed Costs

Costs that do not vary with the level of production or sales, such as rent, salaries, and insurance premiums.