A Limitation of Ex Post Facto Research Is That

question 52

Multiple Choice

A limitation of ex post facto research is that

• A) null hypotheses cannot be tested.
• B) random sampling is not possible.
• C) behavioral observations are difficult and time consuming.
• D) comparison groups cannot be used.
• E) generalizations concerning cause and effect are difficult to justify.

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Definitions:

Qualitative Data Sets

Qualitative data sets comprise non-numeric data used in research to describe attributes, properties, and characteristics, often gathered through interviews, observations, and textual analysis.

Themes

Central topics, subjects, or ideas that are recurrently explored in various forms of art, literature, music, or discussion, providing a deeper understanding or interpretation of the content.

Sampling Weights

Statistical adjustments applied to samples to account for unequal probabilities of selection due to the sampling design, ensuring representativeness.

Echo Effect

The echo effect describes a phenomenon where ideas, information, or beliefs are amplified and reinforced within a closed system or group, leading to a narrowed perspective.