Exhibit 12-3: in a Study of the Membership of the Most

question 67

Multiple Choice

Exhibit 12-3: In a study of the membership of the most influential business persons' organization in River City, it was found that the proportion of those who are also members of the Buffalo Honorary Club (BHC) is much higher than the portion of BHC members in the general city population.One might conclude that participation in BHC activities is a positive influence in leading people to become successful businesspersons or a number of alternative hypotheses could be suggested.Choose the correct hypothesis for each question.
-Refer to Exhibit 12-3.Which is a hypothesis of reverse causality?

• A) The BHC stresses the qualities of being a good businessperson.
• B) The BHC tends to invite only successful businesspersons to join.
• C) People who are attracted to BHC are also likely to be attracted to a business career.
• D) The businesspersons' organization's membership committee is biased in favor of BHC members.
• E) The BHC credo is more oriented to business virtue than is the credo of other similar organizations.

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Definitions:

Resource Scarcities

Conditions where the availability of resources is limited in comparison to the demands, leading to competition and allocation challenges.

Goal Incompatibilities

Differing objectives that are at odds with one another, making it challenging to achieve them simultaneously.

Horizontal Conflicts

Disagreements or clashes that occur between individuals or groups at the same level within an organization's hierarchy.

Premature Judgments

The formation of opinions or decisions based on insufficient or incomplete information.