Estradiol Is a Type of Estrogen Whose Hormone Effects Promote

question 30

Multiple Choice

Estradiol is a type of estrogen whose hormone effects promote female sex characteristics. Its structure consists of various carbon-hydrogen rings and it is a lipid, but not a prostaglandin. Knowing the structure, how would you expect this hormone to cause a response in a target cell?

• A)Estradiol will bind to a receptor on the surface of its target cell, causing a secondary messenger to be activated.
• B)Estradiol will act as a second messenger in a receptor-mediated pathway after a primary messenger binds to a membrane receptor.
• C)Estradiol will enter the plasma membrane of a target cell directly and bind to an intercellular receptor, causing a change in gene expression.
• D)Estradiol will act as a paracrine signal and inactivate adenylate cyclase inside the cell, stopping production of cAMP.

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Definitions:

Hearsay

Evidence based on the reports of others rather than on personal knowledge, which is not admissible in court under most circumstances.

Direct Evidence

Evidence that directly proves a fact without the need for any inference or presumption.

Circumstantial Evidence

Evidence that relies on an inference to connect it to a conclusion of fact, unlike direct evidence that directly proves a fact.

Relevant Evidence

Information and facts presented in a legal proceeding that are directly related to the matter being decided and can influence the outcome.