Please Read the Following Scenario to Answer the Following Questions

question 35

Multiple Choice

Please read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
While radioactive isotopes are used in medicine to identify tumors and other diseases,they can also be used to treat diseases such as cancer.One method to treat cancerous tumors is to expose them to radiation,which can kill the cancerous cells and the tumor.In 2013,the U.S.Food and Drug Administration approved a new cancer treatment based on the radioactive isotope radium-223; this isotope has a half-life of 11.4 days.The radioactive drug,known as Xofigo®,is injected into the patient's bloodstream and travels to certain regions of the body.Because it emits high-energy radiation over short distances,it can kill cancerous cells in the sites where it localizes.
After the drug was injected into a person,the following data were collected regarding the amount of radiation measured in different organs in the person's body.
$$\begin{array} {| l | l| } \hline \text { Organ } & \text { Measured radiation } \\\hline \text { Brain } & 0.37 \\\hline \text { Liver } & 11.01 \\\hline \text { Bones } & 4262.60 \\\hline \text { Lungs } & 0.27 \\\hline \text { Urinary bladder } & 14.90 \\\hline\end{array}$$
-Which of the following would be the best experiment to determine whether this drug is an effective treatment option for cancer patients?

• A)Give the drug to a single cancer patient and ask him how he feels several months later.
• B)Give the drug to a group of mice that have artificially induced tumors and measure whether their tumors are destroyed.
• C)Give the drug to a group of cancer patients and measure whether their tumors are destroyed.
• D)Give the drug to a single cancer patient and measure whether her tumor is destroyed.

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Definitions:

Decision Maker

An individual or entity responsible for making choices or deciding on a course of action.

Opportunity Loss

The forfeit of possible benefits from different options when a specific choice is made.

Prior Probabilities

The probabilities that are assigned to events or hypotheses before any relevant evidence is taken into account.

Payoff Table

A decision-making tool that outlines the possible outcomes and their respective returns or losses for different actions or decisions under consideration.