Please Refer to the Following Art to Answer the Following

question 20

Multiple Choice

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.

-Which of the following BEST describes the direct mechanism of ATP production during photosynthesis?

• A)use of the energy generated as hydrogen ions (H⁺)move up a proton gradient; this energy is used to make ATP
• B)use of the energy released as excited electrons are passed from one molecule to another in the electron transport system; the energy is converted to the chemical bond energy of ATP
• C)use of the energy stored in excited electrons; as the electrons move from the excited state to the ground state,the energy released is converted to the energy stored in the third phosphate bond in ATP
• D)use of the energy stored in hydrogen ion (H⁺)gradients; the potential energy of the proton gradient is released as the protons move down their gradient through special membrane protein channels; this energy is converted to chemical bond energy in the ATP molecule

---

Definitions:

Partial Charges

Small electric charges that result from an unequal distribution of electrons in a chemical bond, leading to regions of slight positive and negative charge.

Stereochemical

Pertaining to the spatial arrangement of atoms in molecules and the effect of this arrangement on chemical reactions.

Regio-

A prefix in organic chemistry indicating the region or orientation of a chemical reaction or structure on a molecule.

Stereochemical

Pertaining to the spatial arrangement of atoms within molecules and the impact of this arrangement on chemical properties and reactions.