All Movement,including That of Diffusing Molecules,requires a Small Expenditure of Energy;

question 31

Multiple Choice

All movement,including that of diffusing molecules,requires a small expenditure of energy; which of the following small sources of energy is most likely to make diffusion possible across the cell membrane from the cell exterior into the cell interior?

• A) Cells hydrolyze ATP to provide the energy for diffusion.
• B) A small percentage of the diffusing molecules react chemically with the membrane.
• C) Thermal energy is present in the extracellular environment.
• D) Gravity forces the molecules to move downhill.

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Definitions:

UCS

Unconditioned Stimulus refers to a stimulus that naturally brings about a particular response without a prior learning process.

Conditioned Emotional

An emotional response that has been learned through conditioning, where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an emotional event.

Fear Response

A physiological reaction to perceived threats that prepares the body for fight or flight.

Conditioned Taste Aversions

An acquired response where an individual avoids a food or flavor that has previously been associated with illness or discomfort.