In Britain,thousands Have Protested for and Against Scientific Animal Testing,with

question 3

Multiple Choice

In Britain,thousands have protested for and against scientific animal testing,with each side trying to make its case in the streets and in the media.What plausible utilitarian arguments could scientists and others make in favor of the testing?

• A)Animal testing produces greater net benefits to society than not testing.The pain suffered by test animals is more than offset by the cures and treatments that the tests help develop.
• B)Animals are to be used for the benefit of humankind,so whatever suffering the test animals endure is permissible.
• C)Animals and humans have equal inherent value.Because humans should not be kept in cages,experimented on,and otherwise abused,neither should animals.
• D)Humans have infinite moral worth,but animals have little or none.So it is permissible to use animals in the service of humans,just as it is permissible to use a hammer to build a house.

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Definitions:

Expectancy

The belief or anticipation that something will happen in the future, often influencing behavior towards achieving it.

Instrumentality

In motivation theory, the perceived relationship between performance and the attainment of certain outcomes, meaning one's belief that performing at a certain level will lead to desired rewards.

Valence

The intrinsic attractiveness or aversiveness of an event, object, or situation.

Alderfer's ERG Theory

A motivational theory proposed by Clayton Alderfer that categorizes human needs into three groups: Existence, Relatedness, and Growth, suggesting that more than one need may motivate at the same time.