With Regard to the Action of Hormones and Neurotransmitters on Cellular

question 7

Multiple Choice

With regard to the action of hormones and neurotransmitters on cellular receptors,which of these describes "amplification"?

• A)When the extracellular concentration of a chemical messenger reaches a very high level,it overwhelms transporter molecules and the chemical floods into the cell.
• B)Only hydrophilic first-messenger molecules can activate second-messenger molecules within the cell cytosol.
• C)A single first-messenger molecule activates multiple second-messenger molecules,each of which activate thousands of enzymes.
• D)Some cellular receptors have such low affinity for chemical ligands that it can require a million or more molecules to activate them.

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Definitions:

Never-married People

Individuals who have never entered into a legally recognized marriage or similar partnership.

Life Stress Theory

A psychological theory that examines how stress from life events affects an individual's mental and physical health.

Self-blame Theory

A psychological concept proposing that individuals may attribute personal failures or negative events to their own actions or shortcomings, potentially leading to feelings of guilt and inadequacy.

Artifact Theory

A hypothesis that suggests observed differences in certain measurements or outcomes are not due to the actual difference in what is being measured but to the method of measurement.