Procaine (Novocain)is a Drug That Blocks Voltage-Gated Na⁺ Channels

question 5

Multiple Choice

Procaine (Novocain) is a drug that blocks voltage-gated Na⁺ channels.  When present,what would happen in a neuron?

• A)Graded potentials are possible,but the neuron will not have the depolarizing phase of the action potential.
• B)Neither graded potentials nor action potentials will occur.
• C)Graded potentials are possible and the neuron will have the depolarizing phase of the action potential,but will be unable to repolarize.
• D)No phase of the action potential will be affected.

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Definitions:

Paradoxical Sleep

A phase of sleep characterized by rapid eye movement (REM) and physiological similarities to being awake, often associated with vivid dreaming.

Theta Waves

A type of brainwave pattern associated with sleep and deep relaxation, often linked to creativity and emotional connection.

Wakefulness

The state of being alert and engaged with the environment, contrasting with sleep.

Preconscious

In psychodynamic theory, descriptive of material that is not in awareness but can be brought into awareness by focusing one’s attention.