Gluckman and Hanson (2005) Suggest That Predictive Adaptive Responses (PARs)

question 31

Multiple Choice

Gluckman and Hanson (2005) suggest that predictive adaptive responses (PARs) have a number of characteristics. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

• A) PARs can lead to disease if the predicted environment does not occur.
• B) PARs confer a survival advantage in the predicted environment.
• C) PARs occur mainly in early fetal development.
• D) PARs result in permanent changes in physiology or structure.

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Definitions:

Cross-lagged

A study design often used in communication research to assess the direction and magnitude of relationships between variables at different points in time.

Double-barreled

Pertaining to questions or statements that address more than one issue at a time, often leading to confusion or muddled answers.

Double-negative

A grammatical construction that uses two negative forms to express a positive statement.

Negative Wording

Questions phrased using a negative rather than a positive (e.g., “don’t” rather than “do”).