Because It Is So Difficult to Establish Causality,researchers More Often

question 31

Multiple Choice

Because it is so difficult to establish causality,researchers more often focus on ________ than attempting to test a ________.

• A)hypotheses of association;causal hypothesis
• B)empiricism;theory
• C)the null hypothesis;hypothesis of difference
• D)qualitative research;quantitative hypothesis

---

Definitions:

Nonparametric Statistical Methods

Statistical techniques that do not assume a specific distribution for the data, making them suitable for analysis of ordinal data or data that doesn't meet assumptions of parametric tests.

Distributional Assumptions

The set of assumptions regarding the underlying distribution of the data, which are critical in choosing the appropriate statistical test and interpreting its results accurately.

Rank Assigned

A method of assigning ordinal positions to items that are being compared, such as in the sorting of data.

Nonparametric Tests

Statistical tests that do not assume a specific distribution in the data.