A Body of Research Shows That People Who Have Been

question 31

Multiple Choice

A body of research shows that people who have been divorced have a higher risk of divorce in any future marriage with another spouse.However,rather than divorce causing additional divorces,this seems to be more about other factors,such as how tolerant people are of divorce behavior.In this case,divorce attitudes would be a confounding factor because

• A)more tolerant divorce attitudes are related both to first divorces and to later divorces.
• B)people are almost never remarried to their ex-spouse,so the link is unlikely to be causal.
• C)people's attitudes toward divorce may change after they've actually experienced it.
• D)attitudes toward divorce may be related to first divorces,but not additional divorces.

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Definitions:

Consistency

The quality of achieving a level of performance which does not vary greatly in quality over time.

Frequency

In general terms, the rate at which something occurs over a particular period of time or in a given sample.

Actor-observer Bias

A cognitive bias that affects the way we attribute causes to our own behaviors versus those of others, often attributing our own actions to situational factors while attributing others' actions to their personality or character.

Self-serving Bias

Self-serving bias is a common cognitive bias that leads individuals to attribute their successes to internal factors while attributing failures to external factors, protecting self-esteem.