How Do Institutions Constrain Leaders and Inform Opponents

question 38

Multiple Choice

How do institutions constrain leaders and inform opponents?

• A)Leaders can easily hide their failed wars and avoid facing difficult elections due to them.
• B)Democracies have established rules for secrecy that prevent controversial actions from leaking to the public.
• C)Elections and public debates force leaders to commit to policies and risk punishment if they pursue bad policies.
• D)Infrequent elections allow leaders to make the right choices instead of popular ones.

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Definitions:

Mechanistic

An organizational structure that is hierarchical and bureaucratic, with clear lines of authority, formal rules, and procedures.

Specialization

The process of focusing one's skills or resources on a specific field or area of expertise, leading to increased efficiency and knowledge.

Formalized

The process of establishing certain procedures or behaviors in a structured and officially sanctioned manner.

Span Of Control

The number of subordinates that a manager or leader can directly manage effectively.