Which of the Following Has NOT Been Proposed as a Cause

question 73

Multiple Choice

Which of the following has NOT been proposed as a cause of the relationship between conduct problems and alcohol and drug use?

• A) Children with conduct problems and alcohol and drug use tend to be more attuned to negative than to positive reinforcement, causing them to seek negative reinforcement from substances and from engaging in deviant behavior.
• B) A common set of genes predisposes individuals to both conduct problems and substance use disorders.
• C) Disruptive children are typically first introduced to alcohol and drugs by older, deviant peers.
• D) Sensitivity toward rewards may predispose youths to both conduct problems and substance use.

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Definitions:

Period Of The Embryo

Lasting from the fourth through the eighth week of gestation, the time that most of the body’s organ systems and structures are forming.

Full Term

Refers to a pregnancy that reaches completion, typically around 39 to 40 weeks, leading to the birth of a baby.

Period Of The Zygote

Approximately a 2-week period from the time of fertilization of a human ovum by a sperm to the time of implantation in the uterine wall.

Period Of The Fetus

Lasting from the ninth week of gestation until birth, the time of rapid growth and further differentiation when the reproductive system forms, gains in body weight occur, and the brain and nervous system continue to develop.