What Causes Vesicoureteral Reflux to Occur in Children

question 2

Multiple Choice

What causes vesicoureteral reflux to occur in children?

• A)Children do not ask for help in urinating in a timely manner, and urine is forced up into the ureters.
• B)The submucosal segment of a child's ureter is short, making the antireflux mechanism inefficient.
• C)The trigone lying between the opening to the ureters and the urethra is underdeveloped in children.
• D)As the bladder fills in infants and children, it pulls the smooth lining of the transitional epithelium away from the ureters, making the reflux valves ineffective.

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Definitions:

Third-Grade

Relates to the third year of schooling in many education systems, typically for children around eight to nine years old.

Retention

The ability to maintain information over time through the storage and conservation of knowledge.

Memory

The cognitive function that enables the storage, retention, and recall of information, experiences, and procedures from the past.

Free Recall

A memory task in which an individual is asked to remember and repeat a list of items in any order without cues.