Which of the Following Has NOT Been Proposed as a Cause

question 73

Multiple Choice

Which of the following has NOT been proposed as a cause of the relationship between conduct problems and alcohol and drug use?

• A) Children with conduct problems and alcohol and drug use tend to be more attuned to negative than to positive reinforcement, causing them to seek negative reinforcement from substances and from engaging in deviant behavior.
• B) A common set of genes predisposes individuals to both conduct problems and substance use disorders.
• C) Disruptive children are typically first introduced to alcohol and drugs by older, deviant peers.
• D) Sensitivity toward rewards may predispose youths to both conduct problems and substance use.

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Definitions:

Chueng and Song

Likely references authors or researchers in a specific study within the context of the provided list, but without more information, it's too ambiguous to accurately define.

American Sample

A demographic or study group consisting only of individuals from the United States, which may impact the generalization of research findings.

Endogenous Personality Descriptors

Traits or attributes that originate from within the individual, rather than being influenced by external environmental factors.