The First Amendment Protects Religious Freedoms in Two Different Ways

question 127

Essay

The First Amendment protects religious freedoms in two different ways.What are the free exercise clause and the establishment clause,and how do they differ from each other? Describe some recent controversies surrounding the maintenance of a "wall of separation" between church and state and how they have been addressed by the Supreme Court.What are some recent controversies involving the free exercise of religion,and how have they been addressed by the Supreme Court?

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Definitions:

Avoidance Learning

is a process by which an individual learns a behavior or response to avoid a noxious or unpleasant situation or stimulus.

Aversive Event

An unpleasant or noxious stimulus that an organism seeks to avoid or escape, often used in aversive conditioning.

Matching Law

A principle stating that the proportion of responses on a particular schedule matches the proportion of reinforcements obtained on that schedule.

Maximizing Law

The principle that organisms will choose behaviors that maximize rewards and minimize penalties under conditions of uncertainty.