Managers Generally Like to Use Oral Communication

question 135

Multiple Choice

Managers generally like to use oral communication. Which of the following are they less receptive to using?

• A)written communication  
• B)upward communication  
• C)horizontal communication  
• D)formal communication

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Definitions:

Thief Phenotype

A behavioral characteristic exhibited by some individuals, where they steal resources (such as food or nesting materials) from other members of the same or different species.

Fitness Cost

A negative effect on the reproductive success of an individual, often resulting from a particular trait or behavior.

Average Fitness Payoff

A concept in evolutionary biology referring to the expected reproductive success of an organism from following a certain strategy or behavior.

Thief Phenotype

The thief phenotype describes individuals or organisms that steal resources or mates from others as an alternative reproductive strategy.