The Term and Position of Caliph (Khalifa)

question 57

Multiple Choice

The term and position of caliph (khalifa)

• A) is equivalent to that of a shaman in New Kingdom Egypt.
• B) had no political aspect, as it was a priestly office.
• C) was adopted from Byzantine Christianity.
• D) referred to the individual who was the temporal successor of Muhammad and who also was considered to be an imam.
• E) was abolished with the death of Muhammad.

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Definitions:

Groupthink

A psychological phenomenon that occurs within a group of people when the desire for harmony or conformity results in an irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcome.

Social Facilitation

The tendency for people to perform tasks better when they are in the presence of others.

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

A psychological theory suggesting that individuals experience discomfort and distress when holding two or more contradictory beliefs, ideas, or values, often leading to changes in beliefs or attitudes.

Attribution Theory

A social psychology theory which explains how individuals pinpoint the causes of their own and others' behaviors.