Which Area Failed to Establish a Centralized Territorial State by the End

question 11

Multiple Choice

Which area failed to establish a centralized territorial state by the end of the fifteenth century?

• A) France
• B) Italy
• C) Spain
• D) England
• E) None managed to establish a centralized state.

---

Definitions:

Surface

The outermost layer or boundary of an object or material which is in direct contact with the surrounding environment.

Hot And Dry

Describes climates or conditions with high temperatures and low precipitation, typical of deserts or arid regions.

Canopy Layer

The upper layer of vegetation in a forest, formed by the crowns of trees, which significantly affects the ecosystem beneath by intercepting sunlight and rain.

Short-term Atmospheric Conditions

Refers typically to weather patterns and phenomena over a short period, ranging from minutes to days, including temperature, humidity, precipitation, and other meteorological elements.