Ibolya Entered into an Employment Contract with a Toronto Advertising

question 154

Multiple Choice

Ibolya entered into an employment contract with a Toronto advertising firm,VertaNet Ltd.The agreement included a non-competition clause that prevented her from participating in the advertising field in Toronto for five years after termination of her employment.In the event of a breach,the contract provided that Ibolya would have to pay VertaNet the sum of $500 000 as liquidated damages.Ibolya worked for VertaNet for a period of time,then took another job in Vancouver where she worked for four and half years.Six months before the expiry of the five-year period in her VertaNet contract,Ibolya returned to Toronto to take a part-time position as a small advertising firm.Although VertaNet did not suffer any damage,VertaNet sued Ibolya claiming $500 000.What is the likely outcome?

• A) The non-competition clause is likely a penalty and therefore unenforceable.
• B) Although the amount claimed is unconscionable, the clause will be enforced as it is writing.
• C) Non-competition clauses generally are void as not being in the public interest.
• D) Liquidated damages clauses are illegal and therefore void.
• E) Unless the $500 000 had been prepaid, Ibolya has no good defence.

Understanding the evolution and differences between generations of cellular networks (1G to 5G).

Knowing the functionality and applications of various wireless technologies (e.g., RFID, NFC, Wi-Fi).

Recognizing the importance of connectivity and mobile commerce in today's digital environment.

Identifying the impact of mobile and wireless technologies on consumer behavior and business strategies.

---

Definitions:

Xerophthalmia

A medical condition characterized by dry eyes, often caused by a deficiency in vitamin A.

Trichiasis

A condition where eyelashes grow inward, potentially irritating the eye.

Emmetropia

The condition of the eye where the optical system is perfectly matched to the length of the eyeball, resulting in sharp vision at all distances.

Visual Acuity

The clarity or sharpness of vision, often measured by the ability to discern letters or numbers at a standardized distance on an eye chart.