Affirmative Action Policies Have Been Controversial Since Their Inception in the 1960s.Define

question 93

Essay

Affirmative action policies have been controversial since their inception in the 1960s.Define what affirmative action policies are and discuss their main goals.What are the different levels of judicial scrutiny, and to what level of scrutiny are affirmative action policies subjected? Describe three prominent Supreme Court decisions associated with affirmative action.

---

Definitions:

Hyperpolarization

A change in a cell's membrane potential that makes it more negative, usually making it less likely to fire an action potential.

Resting Potential

The difference in electric charge between the inside and outside of a neuron's cell membrane when the neuron is not actively transmitting a signal.

Depolarization

The process in which the difference in electrical charge across a cell membrane decreases, often leading to the initiation of an electrical signal.

Positively Charged

Having a net electrical charge due to the loss of electrons, often pertains to ions or particles.