Two Laws That Have Played an Important Role in Opening

question 30

Multiple Choice

Two laws that have played an important role in opening the bureaucratic process to interest group influence are the

• A)1995 Lobbying Disclosure Act and the Negotiated Rulemaking Act of 1990.
• B)Negotiated Rulemaking Act of 1990 and the Administrative Procedure Act of 1946.
• C)1946 Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act and the 1995 Lobbying Disclosure Act.
• D)1946 Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act and the Administrative Procedure Act of 1946.

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Definitions:

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

The idea that people have such distaste for perceiving inconsistencies in their beliefs, attitudes, and behavior that they will bias their own attitudes and beliefs to try to deny inconsistencies.

Attributional Ambiguity

A phenomenon whereby members of stigmatized groups often can be uncertain whether negative experiences are based on their own actions and abilities or are the result of prejudice.

Discrimination

Unequal treatment or prejudice against individuals on the basis of their membership in a particular group, negatively affecting their opportunities and well-being.

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

A theory suggesting that people experience discomfort (dissonance) when holding conflicting cognitions and are motivated to reduce this discomfort by altering attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors.