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Many Political Observers Have Identified a Strong "Incumbency Advantage" and a "Sophomore

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Essay

Many political observers have identified a strong "incumbency advantage" and a "sophomore surge" in congressional elections.Describe what these terms mean and explain the reasons behind them.In particular,discuss some of the ways members of Congress can provide patronage to their districts and the role that redistricting plays in congressional elections.


Definitions:

Sensorimotor Stage

The first stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development, where infants explore the world and learn about it through their sensory experiences and motor activities.

Cognitive Schemes

Cognitive frameworks utilized by an individual to structure knowledge and steer both thought processes and actions.

Assimilation

The cognitive process of fitting new information into pre-existing cognitive schemas, perceptions, and understanding.

Accommodation

In psychology, the process by which individuals adjust their schemas (mental models) to incorporate new information.

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