When the Present Memory Refreshed Rule Is Used, What Is

question 45

Multiple Choice

When the Present Memory Refreshed Rule is used, what is the witness allowed to use to help him/her recall events observed at the time the crime was committed

• A)the report a police officer wrote
• B)notes the witness took at the time
• C)a newspaper story about the crime
• D)all of these can be used to refresh memory

---

Definitions:

Intergroup Attribution

Process of assigning the cause of one’s own or others’ behaviour to group membership.

Ultimate Attribution Error

A cognitive bias where people attribute the positive behaviors of their own group to stable, internal characteristics and negative behaviors of out-groups to their inherent characteristics.

Ingroup Behaviour

Actions and norms exhibited by members within their own group, often characterized by solidarity and loyalty.

Sex Stereotypes

Generalized views or preconceptions about attributes or characteristics that are believed to be typical of males or females.