Mark and Kathy Take Their Two-Year-Old Son to the Supermarket

question 103

Multiple Choice

Mark and Kathy take their two-year-old son to the supermarket every Saturday.Each week,the same sequence of events unfolds: their son screams,demanding that they buy him treats.Although they refuse to give in to his demands,he continues to scream.Finally,either Mark or Kathy gets in their son's face and yells at the top of their lungs,"Shut up!" He stops screaming instantly.What operant conditioning concepts are illustrated in this story?

• A)The parents are using negative reinforcement to increase their son's screaming.
• B)The parents failed to use punishment by application,such as spanking the child,to extinguish his annoying behaviour.
• C)The parents are using punishment to suppress the screaming; their use of punishment is negatively reinforced by the cessation of screaming.
• D)Their son probably learned how to scream by observing his parents at home,and now he is reinforced on a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement.

Analyze the unique characteristics and outcomes of perfectly inelastic and perfectly elastic supply conditions.

Interpret diagrams and data related to supply, demand, and elasticity.

Evaluate the effects of external factors, such as policy changes or market shifts, on supply and demand.

Distinguish between short-run, long-run, and immediate market period adjustments in supply and demand.

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Definitions:

Gordon Allport

A pioneering psychologist known for his theory of personality and the concept of the trait.

Self-actualization

The realization or fulfillment of one's talents and potentialities, considered as a drive or need present in everyone.

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

A personality inventory that categorizes individuals into 16 distinct personality types based on preferences in how they perceive the world and make decisions.

Empirical Evidence

Information acquired by observation or experimentation that is used to confirm or refute a hypothesis.