Four-Year-Old Ashton and Three-Year-Old William Are Each Given a False

question 151

Multiple Choice

Four-year-old Ashton and three-year-old William are each given a false belief task.They have accurate information about where a toy is (they know it is in a toy box) ,but a girl in a story does not (she thinks the toy is under a bed) .Chances are that if they are both asked where the girl in the story will look for the toy

• A)they will both say the girl will look in the toy box.
• B)they will both say the girl will look under the bed.
• C)Ashton will say the girl will look in the toy box,but William will say she will look under the bed.
• D)Ashton will say the girl will look under the bed,but William will say she will look in the toy box.

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Definitions:

Top-down Processing

An approach to information processing that emphasizes how pre-existing knowledge, expectations, or thoughts influence perception, starting from the brain and working down.

Bottom-up Processing

An approach to understanding information that starts with the smallest or simplest elements and builds up to a comprehensive perspective.

Mechanoreception

The physiological process by which organisms detect mechanical changes in the environment, such as pressure, touch, and sound.

Bottom-up Processing

A way of processing information in which perception starts with the input of sensory data and builds up to the formation of a conceptual understanding.