Cyberwarfare Has Led to Debates About When Using Force in Retaliation

question 20

Multiple Choice

Cyberwarfare has led to debates about when using force in retaliation against a cyberattack is allowed under international law because

• A) cyberattacks are more dangerous than attacks with conventional weapons.
• B) cyberattacks do not target national infrastructures,and so retaliation is not justified.
• C) powerful states are not vulnerable to cyberattacks,so retaliation is not justified.
• D) the UN Charter only authorizes actions in self-defense if an "armed attack" has occurred.

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