Perfect Validity Requires That There Be No Measurement Error,therefore

question 4

True/False

Perfect validity requires that there be no measurement error,therefore:
(X_O = X_T, X_R = 0,X_S = 0).

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Definitions:

Confidentiality

The principle of maintaining privacy by not disclosing information shared in a trusted relationship.

Participant Observation

A research method where the researcher immerses themselves in the environment or society they are studying, often participating in the activities being observed.

Non-participant Observation

A research method where the observer does not engage with the participants, allowing for the study of behaviors and events in their natural setting without influence.

Independent Variable

A variable in research that is manipulated or changed to observe its effect on a dependent variable.