What Is the Direction of the Proton Current in the Chloroplast

question 9

Multiple Choice

What is the direction of the proton current in the chloroplast F₁F_o ATP synthase during ATP synthesis?

• A) from stroma to cytoplasm
• B) from cytoplasm to stroma
• C) from lumen to stroma
• D) from stroma to lumen
• E) none of the above

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Definitions:

Complex Cortical Cell

A type of neuron in the cerebral cortex that responds to visual stimuli with certain characteristics, such as orientation, movement, and length.

Temporal Cortex

A region of the cerebral cortex involved in processing auditory information and is critical in understanding language and storing new memories.

Dorsal Visual Streams

The brain pathway responsible for the processing of spatial location and movement, extending from the occipital to the parietal lobes.

Ventral Visual Streams

The pathway in the brain involved in object recognition and form representation, extending from the occipital lobe to the temporal lobe.