The Mucociliary Elevator Functions To

question 33

Multiple Choice

The mucociliary elevator functions to:

• A) trap and sweep pathogens into the urine
• B) kill via lysozyme activity
• C) harbor normal flora that discourage pathogens from colonizing
• D) produce fatty acids with a low pH that kills microbes
• E) trap and sweep microbes from the bronchi back up to the throat to be swallowed

Recognize the role and regulation of blood vessels associated with the nephron, including the afferent and efferent arterioles, glomerulus, and peritubular capillaries.

Explain the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the transport of substances across nephron segments, including active and passive processes.

Understand the physiological mechanisms that regulate kidney function, including autoregulation, hormonal control, and the influence of the sympathetic nervous system.

Describe the composition of glomerular filtrate and how it differs from plasma.

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Definitions:

Repressors

Proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences and inhibit the transcription of genes, playing a crucial role in gene regulation.

Inducers

Substances that increase the rate of enzyme activity or gene expression.

Missense Mutation

A type of genetic mutation where a single nucleotide change results in the coding of a different amino acid, potentially altering protein function.

Lac Operon

The lac operon is a segment of DNA found in bacteria that consists of genes necessary for metabolizing lactose, serving as a classic example of gene regulation.