State Several of the Characteristics Pertaining to Pathogenicity Islands That

question 15

Essay

State several of the characteristics pertaining to pathogenicity islands that suggest they are remnants of transposition.

Understand the concept of homeostasis and the role of hormones in maintaining it.

Distinguish between different types of psychoactive drugs and their effects on the nervous system.

Describe the effects of substances on the brain's neurotransmitter systems and subsequent behavioral impacts.

Explain the theories of addiction and the physiological mechanisms behind them.

---

Definitions:

Voluntary

Refers to actions or movements performed by an individual that are done with conscious control.

Nasopharynx

The upper part of the pharynx, connecting the nasal cavity above the soft palate to the oropharynx.

Oropharynx

Portion of the pharynx that lies posterior to the oral cavity; it is continuous above with the nasopharynx and below with the laryngopharynx.

Laryngopharynx

Part of the pharynx lying posterior to the larynx.