A Molecular Microbiologist Identified a Unique Sequence of DNA Causing

question 9

Essay

A molecular microbiologist identified a unique sequence of DNA causing an amino acid shift mutation within the gene encoding for peptidoglycan transpeptidase in a clinical strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae. What does this molecule do, and of what benefit could this mutation be to the organism?

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Definitions:

Node of Ranvier

Gaps in the myelin sheath of a nerve fiber, allowing for rapid conduction of nerve impulses.

Telodendria

The fine, branching extensions at the end of axons, which help in transmitting neural signals to other neurons or muscles.

Astrocytes

Star-shaped glial cells in the brain and spinal cord involved in physical and nutritional support for neurons, neurotransmitter regulation, and the formation of the blood-brain barrier.

Microglial Cells

Specialized cells in the central nervous system that act as the primary immune defense and play a role in inflammation and repair after injury.