Discuss Management by Objectives

question 3

Essay

Discuss management by objectives. How is it used? What are its advantages and disadvantages? Give an example of a good objective for this purpose.

Understand the distinctions and examples of different task types (additive, compensatory, disjunctive, conjunctive, discretionary) and their implications for group effectiveness.

Assess the influence of audience and group context on individual performance, emphasizing social facilitation and inhibition phenomena across species.

Apply group performance models, such as Steiner's process model, and empirical findings to explain group productivity scenarios.

Examine the methodologies and findings of foundational studies on group processes, including the work by Latané on social loafing.

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Definitions:

Distributive Negotiations

A negotiation strategy that views the resources being negotiated as fixed, where any gain by one side is at the loss of the other.

Win-Lose

A competitive strategy or situation where one party’s gain is achieved at the expense of another party's loss.

Fixed Amount

A sum of money that does not change, regardless of variations in circumstance or condition.

Negotiating Agreement

The process of discussing and coming to a mutual understanding or contract between parties with differing needs or perspectives, aiming for a solution that is acceptable to all involved.