Explain Whether the Following Is a Fair Comment

question 49

Essay

Explain whether the following is a fair comment."The farmer does not avoid risk by selling grain futures.If grain prices stay above a certain rate, then the farmer will actually have lost money by selling grain at a specified price.

Understand the concepts of stimulus substitution, conditioned stimulus preexposure effect, and how conditioning affects pain and fear responses.

Grasp the implications of drug tolerance, addiction, and withdrawal in the context of classical conditioning.

Differentiate various theories and models explaining conditioned responses and their intensities (e.g., Wagner's SOP model, Pavlov's stimulus-substitution theory).

Recognize the role of conditioning in drug overdose and the impact of changing environments.