The Application of Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) in DNA Sequencing

question 10

Multiple Choice

The application of gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in DNA sequencing

• A) is nonexistent because DNA fragments differ widely in charge.
• B) depends on separation of similar charge\mass ratio on the basis of size.
• C) depends on separation of identical size on the basis of charge\mass ratio.
• D) is nonexistent because DNA fragments have no net charge.

Explain the physiological mechanisms of blood pressure and cardiac cycle in vertebrates.

Identify adaptations in the circulatory system related to different environmental and physiological demands.

Understand the significance of fossil evidence in tracing the evolution of vertebrate circulatory systems.

Understand the unique mechanisms of gas exchange in amphibians.

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Definitions:

Ferns

A group of non-flowering plants that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. They have large fronds and are often found in moist, shaded areas.

Gymnosperms

A group of seed-producing plants that includes conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and gnetophytes, characterized by seeds that are not enclosed in an ovary.

Gnetophyta

A division of gymnosperms, with characteristics that share some similarities to angiosperms, including the genera Ephedra, Gnetum, and Welwitschia.

Gametophyte

The sexual phase in the life cycle of plants and algae that produces gametes, typically haploid.