Your Dog Has Flu Caused by an H3N8 Strain

question 54

Multiple Choice

Your dog has flu caused by an H3N8 strain.Assume that you breathe in this strain, after you have already come in contact with an H1N1 strain.Both viruses go into the cells of your upper respiratory tract.During the viral replication cycle inside of your epithelial cells, genetic information for hemagglutinin antigen and for neuraminidase antigen are recombined.Your cells end up producing a new variant---H3N1.Predict what might happen as a result of this set of events.

• A)Only people who have never had flu before will get sick from the new H3N1 variant.
• B)This is not a problem because the human immune system can respond quickly to any new antigens never seen before.
• C)This novel virus will spread through the human population without much resistance.
• D)Since this new virus has antigens from a dog strain, the new strain will not be able to infect human cells.

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Definitions:

Chemiosmosis

The movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane, down their concentration gradient, which is used to generate ATP in cells.

Membrane

A selective barrier that encloses the cell or organelles within a cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out.

Mitochondria

Organelles responsible for generating most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), playing a key role in energy metabolism.

Gradient Formation

The process by which a concentration gradient of a particular molecule or ion is established, often across a biological membrane.