Many Men Make Antibodies to Sperm, Resulting in Destruction of Sperm

question 19

Multiple Choice

Many men make antibodies to sperm, resulting in destruction of sperm to the point of sterility.What would be the likely origin of this autoimmune disease?

• A) T helper cells erroneously identify sperm cells as foreign invaders, triggering the T cytotoxic cells to start killing sperm.
• B) Since sperm are not made until after puberty, the immune system cannot scan the antigens on the sperm for immune tolerance. After sperm are made and the immune system sees them, they are recognized as foreign.
• C) Antigens on sperm cells are similar to antigens on a variety of bacteria like Streptococcus. After a strep throat caused by Streptococcus, the immune system produces antibodies to streptococcal antigens, which then cross react with sperm antigens and destroy them.
• D) These antibodies are produced as a result of mutations in T lymphocytes, causing them to make large amounts of antibody.

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Definitions:

Permanent Accounts

Accounts in the general ledger that are not closed at the end of an accounting year and whose balances are carried forward to the next year.

Balance Sheet Accounts

Accounts that report the financial position of a company, including assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity, at a specific point in time.

Closing Process

The transfer process of converting temporary account balances to zero by transferring the revenue and expense account balances to the owner’s capital account, and transferring the owner’s drawing account balance to the owner’s capital account.

Drawing Account

An account used to track withdrawals made by the owner of a sole proprietorship from the business for personal use.