Experts Have an Advantage in Problem Solving and Remembering Certain

question 12

Multiple Choice

Experts have an advantage in problem solving and remembering certain information (like the position of chess pieces) for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that they

• A)think of units that can be used to set subgoals.
• B)create higher-order units that have a purpose.
• C)avoid getting bogged down in the details by organizing the information.
• D)are more likely to try to use heuristics to problem-solve than novices.

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Definitions:

Pessimistic Attitude

A mindset inclined towards expecting the worst possible outcomes or focusing on the negatives in any situation.

Positive Thinking

A mental attitude focusing on the bright side of life and expecting positive results.

Cognitive Theories

Psychological theories emphasizing mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving as sources of understanding behavior and mental state.

Negative Thinking

A cognitive process characterized by pessimistic attitudes and expectations about oneself or the world.