Which Type of Effect Occurs When There Is a Change

question 129

Multiple Choice

Which type of effect occurs when there is a change in the wording of questions, a change in interviewers, or a change in other procedures that causes a change in the dependent variable?

• A) history effect
• B) mortality effect
• C) instrumentation effect
• D) testing effect

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Definitions:

Observational Study

A research method in which subjects are observed in their natural environment without experimental intervention by the researcher.

Confounding Variable

An external variable that can influence the outcomes of an experimental study, potentially leading to misleading conclusions if not controlled.

Triggering Attendance Policy

A policy that initiates consequences or actions when specific attendance criteria are not met in an educational or workplace setting.

Failing Class

A situation in which a student does not meet the required minimum academic standards of a course, resulting in a grade that does not earn credit.