Empirical Testing Has Confirmed the Validity of Which of the Following

question 107

Multiple Choice

Empirical testing has confirmed the validity of which of the following attitudes concerning dividends?

• A) Dividend irrelevance,or Modigliani-Miller,theory.
• B) Investors prefer dividends to capital gains because dividends are more certain.
• C) Investors prefer capital gains to dividends because capital gains are taxed at more favorable rates.
• D) Empirical testing has produced some evidence in support of each of the theories above.
• E) Empirical testing has not produced any definitive results.

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Definitions:

Price-Earnings Ratio

A valuation metric comparing a company's current share price to its per-share earnings, used by investors to evaluate the relative value of a company's shares.

Working Capital

Current assets less current liabilities.

Gross Margin Percentage

A financial metric that measures the proportion of money left over from revenues after accounting for the cost of goods sold (COGS), expressed as a percentage.

Financial Leverage

A difference between the rate of return on assets and the rate paid to creditors.