When Economists Make Positive Statements,they Are

question 47

Multiple Choice

When economists make positive statements,they are

• A)speaking as scientists.
• B)speaking as policy advisers.
• C)making claims about how the world should be.
• D)revealing that they are very conservative in their views of how the world works.

Analyze real-life scenarios to identify examples of operant conditioning.

Understand the impact of reinforcement magnitude, timing, and frequency on the strength of learned behaviors.

Compare and contrast negative reinforcement and punishment.

Apply knowledge of operant conditioning to suggest behavioral modification techniques.

---

Definitions:

Certainty Effect

A cognitive bias where people give greater weight to outcomes that are certain, compared to outcomes that are only probable.

Reactance

An inspired response to propositions, individuals, guidelines, or policies that challenge or remove certain freedoms of behavior.

Risk Aversion

In decision making, the greater weight given to possible losses than possible gains.

Temporal Discounting

The tendency to value immediate rewards more highly than future rewards, leading to impulsive decisions.